The Glenbot

Useful Linux Commands and Files

Posted on November 9th, 2009 –  0 comments  –  linux  ubuntu 

On an almost daily bases I work in Linux (Ubuntu).

I research and find commands that are useful to my daily work routine and save them in evernote.

Here is a compiled list of commands I commonly use. Share!

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Download Useful Linux commands and files in Evernote format

Users & Groups:

adduser <username> (add user to the system. Will create /home/<username> folder.)

adduser --group <groupname> <username> (add user to a group)

id <username> (display users id, groupid, and group information)

userdel -r <username> (remove user from system and home directory)

/etc/groups (file that holds all the groups in the system)

System:

cat /proc/meminfo (check the memory usage of the system)

vmstat (summary of the memory usage)

free -m (another summary of the memory usage)

ps -u <username> -o pid,rss,command (check memory usage under a specific user)

saidar (realtime monitor of system usage. Installed from apt-get)

pgrep (search for running processes)

kill <pid> (kill a running process by process id)

pidof <processname> (get the process id of a process by name)

Networking:

/etc/init.d/networking restart - (restart the network)

iftab (file that stores manual information of the NIC cards like mac address. Exists in older systems)

ifup ethx (bring a NIC up)

ifdown ethx - (bring a NIC down)

ifconfig (similar to ipconfig in windows. It display the networks properties)

/etc/network/interfaces (file that stores the settings for all NIC cards)

netstat -plntu (shows the open ports and what is listening on them)

iptables -L (displays the current configuration of the tables)

FTP/SSH:

/etc/ftpusers (list of users allowed and not allowed to connect to the machine via ftp)

/etc/ssh/sshd_config (config file for open ssh)

/etc/init.d/sshd restart (restart the open ssh services)

File System:

sudo (run a command as the super user)

pwd (shows the present working directory)

cp (copy a file from one location to another)

cp -R dir newdir (copy a fill directory from one place to another)

mv (move a file from one location to another)

rm (remove a file or folder)

rm -rf (remove files and folders recursively)

rm link (remove a symbollic link)

cat (display the contents of a file)

ln -s (create a symbolic link)

mkdir (make a folder)

df -h (get hard drive and partition usage)

find . -type d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 755 (chmod all folders in a given folder)

find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 444 (chmod all files in a given folder)

find . -mtime -1 -print > last_modified_24hours.txt (find files modified within last 24 hours)

Web & Packages:

wget (download a file from the internet. Usage: wget <addresstofile>)

apt-get update (updates the package in the Advanced packaging tool.)

apt-get install <application> (downloads and installs a linux package. i.e mysql squid etc.)

/etc/apt/sources.list (file that lists the advanced packaging tools (apt-get) sites)

Text Editors:

nano (a great easy to use text editor)

vi (a basic text editor for linux)

Apache:

/etc/init.d/apache2 (start, stop, or restart the apache server)

a2ensite (enable a site in sites-available)

a2dissite (disable a site in sites-available)

/usr/sbin/apache2ctl -k graceful (gracefully restart apache)

Subversion:

sudo svn export -r HEAD file:///var/svn/repository/tron/trunk/ folderorfilename (export files from a specific svn folder)

svn co urltorepository (check out files from a remote or local repository)

Mysql:

mysql -u root -p (connect to mysql with use root)

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